The, The Salem Witch Trials And The Civil Rights Movement...

It is often affirmed that as the most dominant species on planet earth, human beings essentially rule the way in which our world has evolved; we have cognitive abilities that allow us to explore a multitude of complex variables, utilize logic, formulate a wide range of choices, and act out our decisions. However, even as highly logical creatures, humans have the propensity to be influenced by the choices of others or information presented to them, form groups of like-minded individuals, and participate in behaviors they would likely not have undertaken on their own. This particular behavior has been coined the â€Å"mob mentality and under it, people appear to become mindless automatons that lack any ability to act on their own thoughts. While there are perfect examples of mob mentalities doing good, such as the pivotal march on Washington during the Civil rights movement of the 1960’s, to something as simple as the yearly gathering of like-minded individuals at the Burnin g Man Festival, there are far more insidious examples such as the Holocaust, the Salem Witch trials, and Bacon’s Rebellion. In the realm of human behavior, each of these â€Å"events† is representational of what psychology defines as a mob or herd mentality and this group behavior has been an intrinsic quality of human civilizations throughout history. As such, this writer believes that Bacon’s Rebellion is a prime example of the negative implications mob mentalities are capable of generating. However theShow MoreRelatedThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1001 Words   |  5 PagesToday there are kids and adults that wonder why the events of the Salem witch trials actually happened because everyone was blamed for no reason and all people did was make excuses. Those types of people also wonder how the people back then were tricked into believing that witches existed and they had to deal with everything that happened in a harsh manner because everyone was in a  "I can’t get in trouble let me blame someone else† type of attitude. There are many beliefs today that witches likeRead MoreEssay about McCarthyism versus the Salem Witch Trials1198 Words   |  5 Pagesaccused of crimes so absurd that when put to trial, they name others of the same crime to redirect the focus from them to others like it happens in the actual day, every year, with minor cases. McCarthyism was one of those cases that changed history, likewise the Salem Witch Trials. McCarthyism had the same effect on people, people who were accused of communism blame others to lessen their penalty like in the Salem Witch Trials, so how the Salem Witch Trials and the McCarthy Era can connects althoughRead MoreSalem Witch Trials And Religious Superstition1411 Words   |  6 Pagesseventeenth century in colonial Salem, Massachusetts, two girls began acting in an uncanny manner. These girls then accused two woman and a slave for being witches; which caused the town of Sal em to emerge into a period of witch cleansing. Mostly, the people of Salem were Puritans who found many different reasons to accuse one of being a witch. The start of the witch trials began in 1692 and ended in 1693 by Governor Phips; whose wife was prosecuted as a witch. These Salem Witch Trials began by religious superstitionRead MoreRed Scare, KKK, Civil War Brought Fear to America1717 Words   |  7 PagesAfrican-American activist using tactics of intimidation and violence. After staying relatively quiet during the late 1800’s the KKK began to gain power and influence in the early 1900s. This second era of the Klan came about because of the civil rights movements and the release of the 1915 movie â€Å"Birth of a Nation. This movie portrayed African-Americans as unintelligent misogynists. The â€Å"second era† KKK was not only anti African-Americans. The KKK were also anti Catholics, Jews, immigrants. TheyRead MoreThe Crucible : An Allegory For The Red Scare2011 Words   |  9 Pagesalso feared the threat of Black Americans being equal in status to White Americans during the Civil Rights movement. Although the crucible takes place in 1692, Salem, it reflects the concerns of 1950?s American life and is an allegory for the Red Scare, and Homosexuality. [2: Wall, Wendy. Anti-Communism in the 1950s. www.gilderlehrman.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Apr. 2016. .] The Crucible takes place in Salem, Massachusetts, which was a puritan town.[endnoteRef:3] Reverend Parris is praying over hisRead MoreLiterary Analysis : The Crucible 1195 Words   |  5 Pageshave been categorized, discriminated against, and treated according to their class, financial status, and race. Many concrete and obvious examples of this have appeared throughout the years, ranging from the Salem witch trials in the late 1600’s, all the way to the recent civil rights movements in the 1950’s and 60’s. Social history uses personal stories to show how class/status and race played a part in the way people were treated in America. In â€Å"The Crucible†, a play about people being accused ofRead MoreThe Litany Of Atlanta By Du Bois874 Words   |  4 PagesOn September 22, 1906, the most heinous and ambiguous racial riot occurred in Atlanta, Georgia. Unbeknownst to many Atlanta natives, an actual civil movement presented itself in the center of Georgia capitol. It is still in question whether or not the over exaggerated news articles or the growing traction between two the races resulted in the riot but consequently the tension between the blacks and whites led to the murder of African American men and women and some white. Thus W.E.B. Du Bois, founderRead MoreHistorical Steps Toward Religious Liberty824 Words   |  4 PagesWhat follows is a skimpy sketch of some things you should know. There were three types of colonies: Charter: The king grants a license to run a colony on â€Å"his† land in America. Proprietary: The king gives land and all rights to run a colony to an individual or a group. The colony then belongs to the proprietor(s). Royal: The king owns the colony. Though religious freedom is often cited as the reason for people migrating from England to America, it is too simplistic. It is more accurate to sayRead MoreSlavery, Abolition and the South2526 Words   |  10 Pagesown European culture in this land. The Blacks were stripped of their culture and their land. The main political developments for this time period affected the Blacks in a negative way. They were not to be considered human so they had no legal or civil rights. There were laws created to enforce cruel and sometimes deadly punishments on slaves that resisted the harsh treatment put upon them; laws that had an effect on the Black slaves like the ones started in Virginia, that declared that all White menRead MoreHow Does Literature Shape American Culture?968 Words   |  4 PagesThe Scarlet Letter, The Narrative of the Life of Fredric Douglass and various other works of literature are all pieces of American literature that have helped shape American society. The Scarlet Letter written by Nathaniel Hawthorne takes place in Salem, Massachusetts in the sixteen hundreds. Hester Prynne is accused of committing adultery in her small puritan settlement but little does the town know that the father is in fact Reverend Dismmesdale. Having sent his wife ahead of him two years before

The Case Of Sovaldi Drug - 1386 Words

The manufacturers of Sovaldi drug are also of the opinion that government and public officials do not take into account all the benefits mostly economically which emanate from the prescription of the drug. They argue that the high price is very effective in limiting or completely getting done with other hospital expenses that would be incurred in the long run because the drug is effective in the curing of the disease rather than the management of symptoms over the years and, therefore, savings (Charles, 2015). . Most states that try to limit the use of Sovaldi have received lots of lawsuits that analysts say not the definite solution of the underlying problem with Sovaldi being just the first of many highly effective but expensive drugs that are expected in the market due to the ever increasing cases of chronic diseases. As much as Medicaid being able to cover the costs of other expensive specialty drugs for other diseases such as HIV and cystic fibrosis but the case of Sovaldi is quite different given the fact that a large population suffers from the disease that it treats with the prevalence of hepatitis C among the Medicaid recipients being quite high. There have been several proposed federal solutions including; price controls, the creation of a supply chain where the federal government could buy quantities of the drug at a discount and also to sell the drug to the states at a low price. The issue has not yet been taken by the Congress with states still being given theShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Hepatitis C Virus On Health Care And Ensuring Healthy Profit Margins1537 Words   |  7 Pagespayor system has evolved to dictate the care its members receive through, at worst, a rationing of services. This has frequently been the case when new medication and experimental treatments become available. The most recent instance is the case of newly released drugs with astounding success rates for the cure of Hepatitis C Virus. The rulings of past civil cases requiring insurers to cover medical treatment despite contract clauses has set the stage for Hepatitis C Virus curative treatment. HepatitisRead MoreTop Years Forecasting On Sales Of Sovaldi And Harvoni1052 Words   |  5 PagesForecasting on Sales of Sovaldi and Harvoni Yushuo Xu St. John’s University â€Æ' Ten Years Forecasting on Sales of Sovaldi and Harvoni ACC 600 Small Case Study Yushuo Xu Background Hepatitis C is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus. According to related research, about 2.7 million persons in the United States have chronic hepatitis C virus infection, and globally about 130–150 million people have chronic hepatitis C infection. Drugs information There are some drugs now able to cure HepatitisRead MoreA Short Note On Hepatitis C And Its Effects1565 Words   |  7 PagesSciences created the medicine by the name of Sofosbuvir (Sovaldi). The difference between Sovaldi and other hepatitis C treatments that have been used over the years is that Sovaldi is the only treatment that cures the disease rather than managing its symptoms in order to decrease the severity like the other treatments do. For this reason many physicians desire to prescribe Sovaldi to suffering patients, but often times cannot do so because the drug is not covered by all State Medicaid policies; thereforeRead MoreHepatitis C Is Not A Public Health Crisis1473 Words   |  6 PagesIV drug use (CDC, 2014). Other modes of transmission includes blood transfusion or coming in contact with someone’s blood, accidental needlestick injuries among health care workers (e.g., nurses and phlebotomists), sexual contact (rare) and infants born to mothers who have the disease. These above medical and demographic facts make HCV a serious threat on public health. Overview of drug Sovaldi also known as Sofosbuvir is one of the latest anti- HCV drug in the market (Ollove, 2014). The drug hasRead MoreEffective Treatment Of Hepatitis C1809 Words   |  8 Pagesthere has been a recent breakthrough with a new drug called sovaldi , giving 90% success rate, which has effectively revolutionized the medical industry. Therefore, this extended essay will examine the significance of sovaldi (especially pricing) on the mortality and morbidity of those suffering from Hepatitis C in Pakistan. I will explore if there is a justification for the exorbitant pricing of sovaldi whilst assessing the accessibility of the drug for individuals in Pakistan. Approach IRead MoreA Brief Note On The Cost Of Advancement1960 Words   |  8 Pagesforms, whether it be from improved hygiene, new drugs, vaccines, new and improved medical procedures, better monitoring equipment, or even preventative tests and early diagnosis, all of this has played a part in increasing global life expectancy through the years. In this paper I will focus in on one of these aspects: drugs. Big pharmaceutical companies have been extremely busy with research and development for new drugs. 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Once the liver and the body actually show signs of symptoms or damage, Hepatitis C has become a chronic infection. This is when the person becomes aware of the infection themselves due to a routine doctor s appointment that results in elevated liverRead MoreHepatitis C : An Infection Of The Blood1127 Words   |  5 Pages75%-85% would then become Chronic Hepatitis C infections. Due to the lack of symptoms at onset, I m left to ponder what the true amount of infected persons in the United States realistically is. The symptoms may not appear for up to 20 years in some cases. Once the liver and body actually show signs of symptoms or damage, 3 Hepatitis C has become a chronic infection. This is when the person becomes aware of the infection themselves due to a routine doctor s appointment that results inRead MoreVaccine For Hiv Happen On The Horizon By 2030924 Words   |  4 Pagescure HIV/AIDS has come a long way. Researchers have spanned a wide variety of research which includes: drug development, HIV vaccines, pre-exposure prophylaxis, or post-exposure prophylaxis. Drug development can take a long time to get developed. Through the process with Preclinical, Clinical Phase, Cost, Valuation, and Success Rate in the Mix; it can take years upon years to develop a successful drug that is resistant to HIV. Prevention is Key! Education and word of mouth is also another way of getting

Cognitive Therapy Case Conceptualization Free Essays

The client: Elena Elena is an adolescent female, coming to the therapy process demonstrating through actions and words a great deal of anxiety and overall apathy for her situation. Elena is a smart, socially engaged Mexican American attending public high school. She opens the session with presenting problems regarding conflict over what she might do after high school. We will write a custom essay sample on Cognitive Therapy Case Conceptualization or any similar topic only for you Order Now Preliminary conceptualization from a cognitive perspective Overall, there is an obvious feeling of disempowered regarding her right and or ability to make life decisions. She comes from a close-knit family, though some of her siblings have moved away to seek out goals beyond those that they may feel their parents are putting upon them. She has recently begun to disengage academically and socially as she feels the urgency of choosing to adhere to family tradition or to go out on her own, like her peers. Though she says she has not yet made a decision, know that cognition mediates affect and behavior (Friedburg 101). From this perspective a therapist might conclude that her recent apathy toward academics and isolating herself from her peers show that she indeed is letting the thoughts of â€Å"I must listen to my parents† drive her life perspective. It is promising from a cognitive standpoint, that she shows some jealousy toward her boyfriend and others: Perhaps the anger when discussing her family dynamics and recent history is most telling that Elena could benefit from Beck’s Socratic dialogue. The pluralistic views that come from her own identity within her biculturalism are strongly embedded, and the therapist demonstrated this by demonstrating lots of open questions. Letting Elena focus on herself as an individual rather than a Mexican-American could lead to meaningful exploration and collaborative cognitive change to help Elena feel more empowered. When counseling adolescents from a cognitive perspective the counselor must remember that under any circumstances this may be the first time that these clients might see their actions and behaviors, and question the beliefs that may have become embedded during childhood. Elena obviously needs a relatively short-term look into these feelings due to her grades slipping and applying for colleges, if she so chooses. Asking a client â€Å"what is going through your mind right now† (Murdock 337) is one of the base approaches to beginning to help the client recognize their individual thought patterns. This is a question that is difficult for many adults, and though adolescents in general can be more open to change, Elena’s worldview as a bicultural young woman is overpowering any other automatic thoughts that she might have; it is culturally appropriate for a young Mexican American to disregard her own thoughts and needs for the good of the family—which Elena does in fact voice (Rochlen 2009). As an observer to this case scenario, the challenge, due to age and culture, seems very difficult. The video demonstrates this strong schema Elena has developed that exudes this overwhelming disempowerment. I believe this schema of overall disempowerment is deeply embedded and will be difficult to challenge through cognitive therapy. Additionally, Mexican culture tends to see the counselor as â€Å"expert† and the collaborative aspect of cognitive therapy may prove to be at the least uncomfortable for Elena, if not ineffective. Elena may continue to rely on others’ to make decisions for her, to give her an unconditional guarantee (Corey 107), if this base belief cannot be penetrated due to adherence to cultural tradition, fear of change, or if Elena is unable to begin to identify these automatic thoughts. Possible cognitive strategies In general, Latino Americans traditionally have strong family bonds and honor generational wisdom (Sue 377) Through the current political venue of the United States and popular culture, Mexican-Americans may fall prey to stereotypes and inherently feel a disconnect or poor self-image: American beliefs certainly account for this inner struggle Elena is feeling. Because this is pervasive and overarching in American culture where to begin with Elena in imperative. There is a lot behind these feelings, and as an adolescent who is struggling the counselor should take these omnipresent cultural truths into consideration. It is promising to me that Elena is already speaking about her siblings: I see this as an open door for initiating questions that challenge Elena’s view of herself as a young Mexican American. I would certainly recognize Elena’s frustration and give lots of positive regard as she speaks about her presenting problem. Cognitively, I would go back to Elena’s conversation regarding the varying paths her siblings have chosen. I would respectfully move through this aspect of cognitive therapy so as to not threaten Elena’s loyalty to her family. Since Beck’s model is based on a leading rather than a more confrontational approach, I would use this to my advantage to allow her to explore her emotions about her siblings and their life choices. I see this as an aspect of Elena’s life experience that may allow Elena to begin to explore self-identity outside of the effects of biculturalism. Keeping the central focus of thought exploration on how she might challenge her beliefs about her life choices through reflecting on her siblings’ life choices may be a safe way to allow Elena to begin connecting the deeper thoughts behind her ability to make life choices. From a cognitive perspective and the lens of cultural identity, my goal for Elena would be for her to begin understanding that many are facing overwhelming decisions within their own cultural context. At some point everyone must decide to respect family wishes or go out on her own. Elena would be challenged to explore the beliefs she holds regarding herself as a Mexican American; she could begin to see how the complex construct is not a means to an end. Helping Elena expose automatic thoughts and change subsequent behaviors could serve to identify the struggle she will face as a bicultural woman in America today. Obviously, this grander focus this approach toward the â€Å"big picture† provides empowerment, but is daunting. Collaboratively, it would be ideal to praise Elena for exploring her identity on a grander scale. At this point, I would encourage Elena to do some homework: Her recent social isolation undermines her support system and exploration of self-identity. Many of her friends to do not sound as if they are struggling as bicultural adolescents: Meeting with a Latino cultural group on her local college campus would be an ideal way to allow her to feel empowered as well as supported. I am sure that many others have faced this kind of multicultural dilemma in their formative years, and have come up with myriad life choices. Though I can help Elena begin to understand and possibly question her core beliefs that drive her behaviors, she will need safe and pertinent ways to explore them. Elena is a very intelligent young lady, and I do think from our observation that she inherently knows that as well. Finding places and people with whom she can identify will empower her—not pressuring her into making a decision about her next step in life; with a goal toward hearing other stories of biculturalism in America and give her a comfortable place to explore her wishes for her own future and how she might find congruency between her choices and her heritage. I am certain that once her belief of what it means to be Mexican-American is challenged in some authentic way, she will begin to explore her automatic thoughts about cultural identity. My hope in working with Elena from a cognitive perspective is that she will begin to see her own identity and realize how her own thoughts had created a situation that most certainly is not the only possible scenario for her path in life. Relevant multicultural considerations From the perspective of a bilingual educator and a culturally aware individual, I was ultimately unable to separate Elena’s biculturalism from the cognitive approaches and questioning that I would practice with Elena. Though this aspect of Elena’s life situation appears hopeless to her now, I believe through finding authentic ways to identify with successful, independent Mexican-Americans she might begin to expose the prevailing automatic thoughts leading her to these isolating, dichotomous conclusions. The last relevant multicultural aspect that I have not addressed is it would be imperative that I find an opportunity to speak with Elena’s family, and connect them with other families who are raising children in a bicultural environment. This is ideal because Latino families need opportunities to be involved in the community and support one another in myriad ways. non-productive cognitive approaches Note how at the beginning of this integrated discourse regarding Elena’s pull toward family tradition and sense of loss for her dreams of going to college I was careful to note which door felt safe and respectful to collaboratively open with Elena. Siblings, cousins, aunts and uncles may â€Å"stay out of family business† such as the pressure from her mother, but it would be culturally insensitive for me to have Elena challenge her thoughts and risking her attaching them to family ties. That is already were Elena is, and traditionally Mexican-Americans see the counselor as â€Å"expert,† which could disengage long-standing family traditions and dynamics. I am convinced that approaching Elena through questions about herself, her riends, her academic life, and family would have made her feel that cognition is knowable and accessible, which is an underlying foundation of Beck’s theory. If a counselor were to solely base their approach, without multicultural considerations, on cognitive therapy with Elena as an individual it could serve to not allow herself to fully feel her human emotions, nor to bring awareness that change is central to the human process. I do not think asking Elena to explain how her beliefs construct her reality without first finding meaningful ways for her to relate to others outside of herself could she effect any change at all. Cognitive therapy, through the lens of multiculturalism, must always consider the bigger picture of what their life perspective really is: If challenged directly about her mother Elena may have only further solidified her commitment to fail at school to have a concrete reason to obey her parents. How to cite Cognitive Therapy Case Conceptualization, Essay examples