Business Research Methods in the Family Businesses Survey

Question: Talk about theBusiness Research Methods in the Family Businesses Survey. Answer: Assessment of the Secondary Data Family-run organizations make a vital association in the economy of Australia, connoting approximately 66% of the large business. Assessment of optional information is really depicted as leftover appraisal (Beaulieu, 2012). It is the appraisal of data or information, which was gathered likewise by means of someone for sure, for example experts, foundations, particular NGOs, and so forth, in any case on the side of some of extra inspiration than the one being estimated right now, or a mix of the two. In case optional research just as assessment of information is gotten a handle on with care and advancement, it might give a financially adroit strategy to snatching a wide attention to look into request. Auxiliary insights are similarly obliging in arranging following crucial research notwithstanding furnishing a benchmark in which to consider essential measurements hoarding. Therefore, it is continually smart to begin each assessment progress amidst an audit of the auxiliary data (Casse Lee, 2011). Auxiliary information assessment and survey joins gathering and isolating a mind blowing pack of information. To enable a specialist to remain centered, his/her basic step should develop a statement of expectation a sorted out essentialness of the clarification behind his/her examination and an assessment course of action. Mission statement: Having an all around depicted explanation an undeniable impression of why gathering the information is significant and the sort of data a scientist needs to amass, dismantle, just as understand will help him/her stay centered and keep him/her from persuading the chance to be overpowered with the volume of information. Optional can be gotten from power estimations, specific reports, and sagacious journals, composing study articles, trade journals and reference books. What's more, such information is found on the web. Official encounters are estimations gathered by governments and their particular work environments, associations, and divisions. These encounters can be beneficial to specialists since they are an effectively possible and wide wellspring of information that when in doubt covers drawn out reaches out of time. In any case, since power estimations are once in a while delineated by steadfastness, information breaks, over-get-together, messes up, customary irregularities, and nonappearance of favorable detailing, it is vital to from a general perspective research official piece of information for exactness and genuineness (Cnossen, 2010). There are two or three methods of reasoning why such issues is available: Degree of intensity surveys all around needs boundless measures of inspectors additionally, with a specific genuine goal to achieve the figure analysts charged is often less-gifted Proportions of an examination zone and investigation assortment by and large guidelines out alluring organization of analysts notwithstanding the examination technique Explicit resource detainments routinely balance supportive and exact inclusion of the result. Explicit insight is a report of endeavors made on examine meanders. Diaries of an educational sort usually have knowledge of uncommon examinations and completing tests framed due to experts in explicit turfs. Made diagram works accumulate and survey novel research concerning a particular point. Trade diaries contain articles that examine conventional information concerning various fields. The latter was the procedure used to accumulate auxiliary information in the secretly run organization report. The Research Design utilized in the Family Business Survey Regardless of the realities that broadening a working plan, there is no need requesting stuff or arranging a key date for completing of wander stages except if somebody sees the sort of structure being accumulated. The key choice is either to set up a central command building, a mechanical office for storing contraption, a classified habitation or a space square. Fully expecting doing this, we can't draw a methodology, get licenses, think of a work schedule or solicitation materials (Easterby-Smith et al, 2016). So in addition, open investigation requires a setup or a structure before assessment of information. Actually, a Research Design isn't just a plan like some other. Work blueprint unnoticeable fragments what must be done to complete the wander regardless, such a plan may spill out of the wander's Research Design. The purpose of restriction of a Research Design ensures that the confirmation got engages an analyst to react to the covered data as obviously as could be permitted. Getting giant validation fuses picking the sort of certification expected that would react to the investigation request, to examine a suspicion, to assess a program and to outline adequately different thoughts. Around the day's end, while arranging investigation specialists need to ask: given the investigation request and theory, what sort of confirmation is relied on to react to the question and checking the speculation convincingly? In a distribution by FAO (2011), inquire about structure deals with a levelheaded issue rather than a decided issue. For example, before a maker or an organizer developing a diagram or request fittings, they should set up the kind of structure required first, its adventures notwithstanding the necessities of the inhabitants. The activity streams from this. So also, in aggregate investigation the issues of appraisal, system for information assortment, for example outlines, affectability records, alongside assessment, and the arrangement of interest are valuable to the issue of the affirmation of sources as proof. Too routinely, assessors configuration reviews or begin meeting ludicrously before plan, before absolutely remembering the data that they requirement for a reaction to requests close by. Without overseeing such investigation matters not long before starting, the wrap up will commonly be weak just as unremarkable and neglects to rejoin the analytical issue. Also, are a significant part of the time separated and subjective just as quantitative research frameworks? Social surveys and assessments are routinely observed as significant cases of Quantitative Research and are evaluated contrary to the characteristics and inadequacies of logical, Quantitative Research systems and assessment. Authentic assessments, on the other hand, are intermittently seen as prime instances of subjective research, which understands an interpretive method to manage administer information, thinks about effects inside their dumbfounding situation and considers the emotional repercussions that people give to the ir condition (Ghauri Grnhaug, 2012). Research configuration isn't related to a particular strategy for social affair information or a particular sort of information. On a fundamental level, any examination configuration can use whichever sort of collection method and may maybe use quantitative or subjective numbers. The plan of research implies the structure of a request; it is a lucid issue rather than a vital one. The Sampling Strategy utilized in the Family Business Survey It would be exorbitant and repetitive to accumulate information from the whole masses of a market. Along these lines, monetary scientists make expansive of reviewing from which, through attentive plan and examination, sponsors or researchers can draw information about their picked territory. Test plans can change from simple to complex. They rely on the kind of information required and the manner in which the example is picked. Test configuration impacts the navigate of the example and the course wherein assessment is done; in clear terms the more precision the analyst requires, the also stupefying the plan and more noteworthy the model size may get the chance to be. As indicated by Gerard (2013), the model arrangement may make utilization of the qualities of the general market individuals, yet it doesn't ought to be tolerably illustrative. It might be basic to draw a more noteworthy example than would be average from a few portions of the individuals; for instance, to pick more from a minority get-together to guarantee adequate information is gotten for assessment on such social gatherings. Different example plans are worked around the chance of self-confident choice. Optional affirmation also prepares for test incline such that picking as a delayed consequence of a decision or comfort ignores. The fundamental stage in an extraordinary model arrangement is to guarantee that the detail of the objective individuals is as clear and brief as could be typical considering the present circumstance. This is to guarantee that all sections inside the individuals are exemplified. The objective individuals are analyzed utilizing a testing graph. Routinely, the units in the majority can be seen by potential information, for example, affiliation records, government registers and whatnot. An assessing case could in like way be geological. For instance, postcodes have changed into a general utilized methodology for choosing an example. Glenn (2013) states that for any model plan, choosing the fitting example size will rely upon a couple key components: No check picked from an example is dependable as right: questions concerning the wide-running populace taking into account the eventual outcomes of an example will have a joined safety buffer To make an extension for research, give and take, needs a bigger example measure: the figuring of change in the masses, in other words, the assortment of attributes or opinions, may likewise influence accuracy and as such, scope of the segment The conviction level is the likelihood that the results procured from the example exist in a necessary exactness: the higher the assurance level, the more certain you wish to be that the results are not atypical. Examiners normally use a 95% sureness level to give strong ends Popul

Overview of the Worlds Offset Time Zones

Outline of the World's Offset Time Zones While the greater part of the world knows about time zones that vary in augmentations of 60 minutes, there are numerous spots on the planet that utilization counterbalance time zones. These time zones are balanced by a half-hour or even fifteen minutes off of the standard twenty four time zones of the world. The twenty four time zones of the world depend on fifteen degree additions of longitude. This is so in light of the fact that the earth takes twenty four hours to turn and there are 360 degrees of longitude, so 360 separated by 24 equivalents 15. In this way, in one hour the sun moves across fifteen degrees of longitude. The balance time zones of the world were intended to all the more likely arrange early afternoon as the point in the day when the sun is at its most elevated point in the sky. India, the universes second most crowded nation uses a counterbalance time zone. India is a half-hour in front of Pakistan toward the west and a half-hour behind Bangladesh toward the east. Iran is a half-hour in front of its western neighbor Iraq while Afghanistan, only east of Iran, is an hour in front of Iran however is a half-hour behind neighboring nations, for example, Turkmenistan and Pakistan. Australias Northern Territory and South Australia are counterbalanced in the Australian Central Standard Time zone. These focal bits of the nation are counterbalanced by being a half-hour behind the east (Australian Eastern Standard Time) coast however 90 minutes in front of the territory of Western Australia (Australian Western Standard Time). In Canada, a great part of the region of Newfoundland and Labrador are in the Newfoundland Standard Time (NST) zone, which is a half-hour in front of Atlantic Standard Time (AST). The island of Newfoundland and southeastern Labrador are in NST while the rest of Labrador alongside neighboring territories New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia lie in AST. Venezuelas balance time zone was set up by President Hugo Chavez in late 2007. Venezuelas balance time zone makes it a half hour sooner than Guyana toward the east and a half hour later than Colombia toward the west. One of the most abnormal time zone balances is Nepal, which is fifteen minutes behind neighboring Bangladesh, which is on a standard time zone. Close by Myanmar (Burma), is a half-hour in front of Bangladesh yet an hour in front of balance India. The Australian region of the Cocos Islands shares the time zone of Myanmar. The islands of Marquesas in French Polynesia are likewise counterbalanced and are a half-hour in front of the remainder of French Polynesia. Utilize the Elsewhere on the Web joins related with this article to investigate increasingly about balance time zones, including maps.

Finding Community at SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Finding Community at SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Thanks to a former Admissions program assistant and SIPA 18 graduate for this post! One of the reasons why I chose to attend SIPA was because I wanted to engage with and learn from the large and diverse student body. That being said, I was also concerned about getting lost in a larger program my fears were quickly assuaged given that SIPA provides numerous opportunities to build community from Day 1.  Activities ranging from orientation week to organization fairs are abundant. Below is a list of some places that I found strong community. Orientation Cohorts Orientation week was a great way to meet fellow students was through my cohort (Seeples Group D!). Spending a week with a group of students, learning about SIPA, Columbia, and New York was both fun and allowed me to build a strong sense of community within my first several weeks on campus. My cohort still has reunions and some of my best friends at school were in that group! Student Organizations I was involved in a variety of student organizations at SIPA, which really added to my experience. It took me a semester to decide which ones I ultimately wanted to join. These groups range from SIPA Vets to Women in Leadership and are a fantastic way to not only learn about a wide array of topics but also provide extensive leadership opportunities. I also became involved in groups at both the Law and Business schools to gain a different perspective. Regional Institutes Columbia’s regional institutes are a tremendous asset to SIPAs program. Ranging from the Weatherhead to the Harriman Institutes, these institutes are a fantastic place to find community both with fellow Seeples in addition to students from the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. The institutes provide a wide array of cultural activities throughout the year, book talks, discussion groups, and many other events and resources. They were a major part of my life and community throughout the past several years! International Trips I participated in multiple student-led international trips during my time at SIPA. They were the highlight of my time here, and there is nothing that builds community like wandering around ancient ruins or being stuck on a train for 15 hours straight with a group of fellow Seeples. The trips allow you to experience the best of what SIPA has to offer â€" learning about international relations, policies, and cultures. Try to take advantage of these experiences you will come away with lifelong friends! Columbia Community Service There are a myriad of community service opportunities sponsored by the University. They are a fantastic way to serve with fellow students and faculty as well as get to know residents on the Upper West Side.

The, The Salem Witch Trials And The Civil Rights Movement...

It is often affirmed that as the most dominant species on planet earth, human beings essentially rule the way in which our world has evolved; we have cognitive abilities that allow us to explore a multitude of complex variables, utilize logic, formulate a wide range of choices, and act out our decisions. However, even as highly logical creatures, humans have the propensity to be influenced by the choices of others or information presented to them, form groups of like-minded individuals, and participate in behaviors they would likely not have undertaken on their own. This particular behavior has been coined the â€Å"mob mentality and under it, people appear to become mindless automatons that lack any ability to act on their own thoughts. While there are perfect examples of mob mentalities doing good, such as the pivotal march on Washington during the Civil rights movement of the 1960’s, to something as simple as the yearly gathering of like-minded individuals at the Burnin g Man Festival, there are far more insidious examples such as the Holocaust, the Salem Witch trials, and Bacon’s Rebellion. In the realm of human behavior, each of these â€Å"events† is representational of what psychology defines as a mob or herd mentality and this group behavior has been an intrinsic quality of human civilizations throughout history. As such, this writer believes that Bacon’s Rebellion is a prime example of the negative implications mob mentalities are capable of generating. However theShow MoreRelatedThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1001 Words   |  5 PagesToday there are kids and adults that wonder why the events of the Salem witch trials actually happened because everyone was blamed for no reason and all people did was make excuses. Those types of people also wonder how the people back then were tricked into believing that witches existed and they had to deal with everything that happened in a harsh manner because everyone was in a  "I can’t get in trouble let me blame someone else† type of attitude. There are many beliefs today that witches likeRead MoreEssay about McCarthyism versus the Salem Witch Trials1198 Words   |  5 Pagesaccused of crimes so absurd that when put to trial, they name others of the same crime to redirect the focus from them to others like it happens in the actual day, every year, with minor cases. McCarthyism was one of those cases that changed history, likewise the Salem Witch Trials. McCarthyism had the same effect on people, people who were accused of communism blame others to lessen their penalty like in the Salem Witch Trials, so how the Salem Witch Trials and the McCarthy Era can connects althoughRead MoreSalem Witch Trials And Religious Superstition1411 Words   |  6 Pagesseventeenth century in colonial Salem, Massachusetts, two girls began acting in an uncanny manner. These girls then accused two woman and a slave for being witches; which caused the town of Sal em to emerge into a period of witch cleansing. Mostly, the people of Salem were Puritans who found many different reasons to accuse one of being a witch. The start of the witch trials began in 1692 and ended in 1693 by Governor Phips; whose wife was prosecuted as a witch. These Salem Witch Trials began by religious superstitionRead MoreRed Scare, KKK, Civil War Brought Fear to America1717 Words   |  7 PagesAfrican-American activist using tactics of intimidation and violence. After staying relatively quiet during the late 1800’s the KKK began to gain power and influence in the early 1900s. This second era of the Klan came about because of the civil rights movements and the release of the 1915 movie â€Å"Birth of a Nation. This movie portrayed African-Americans as unintelligent misogynists. The â€Å"second era† KKK was not only anti African-Americans. The KKK were also anti Catholics, Jews, immigrants. TheyRead MoreThe Crucible : An Allegory For The Red Scare2011 Words   |  9 Pagesalso feared the threat of Black Americans being equal in status to White Americans during the Civil Rights movement. Although the crucible takes place in 1692, Salem, it reflects the concerns of 1950?s American life and is an allegory for the Red Scare, and Homosexuality. [2: Wall, Wendy. Anti-Communism in the 1950s. www.gilderlehrman.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Apr. 2016. .] The Crucible takes place in Salem, Massachusetts, which was a puritan town.[endnoteRef:3] Reverend Parris is praying over hisRead MoreLiterary Analysis : The Crucible 1195 Words   |  5 Pageshave been categorized, discriminated against, and treated according to their class, financial status, and race. Many concrete and obvious examples of this have appeared throughout the years, ranging from the Salem witch trials in the late 1600’s, all the way to the recent civil rights movements in the 1950’s and 60’s. Social history uses personal stories to show how class/status and race played a part in the way people were treated in America. In â€Å"The Crucible†, a play about people being accused ofRead MoreThe Litany Of Atlanta By Du Bois874 Words   |  4 PagesOn September 22, 1906, the most heinous and ambiguous racial riot occurred in Atlanta, Georgia. Unbeknownst to many Atlanta natives, an actual civil movement presented itself in the center of Georgia capitol. It is still in question whether or not the over exaggerated news articles or the growing traction between two the races resulted in the riot but consequently the tension between the blacks and whites led to the murder of African American men and women and some white. Thus W.E.B. Du Bois, founderRead MoreHistorical Steps Toward Religious Liberty824 Words   |  4 PagesWhat follows is a skimpy sketch of some things you should know. There were three types of colonies: Charter: The king grants a license to run a colony on â€Å"his† land in America. Proprietary: The king gives land and all rights to run a colony to an individual or a group. The colony then belongs to the proprietor(s). Royal: The king owns the colony. Though religious freedom is often cited as the reason for people migrating from England to America, it is too simplistic. It is more accurate to sayRead MoreSlavery, Abolition and the South2526 Words   |  10 Pagesown European culture in this land. The Blacks were stripped of their culture and their land. The main political developments for this time period affected the Blacks in a negative way. They were not to be considered human so they had no legal or civil rights. There were laws created to enforce cruel and sometimes deadly punishments on slaves that resisted the harsh treatment put upon them; laws that had an effect on the Black slaves like the ones started in Virginia, that declared that all White menRead MoreHow Does Literature Shape American Culture?968 Words   |  4 PagesThe Scarlet Letter, The Narrative of the Life of Fredric Douglass and various other works of literature are all pieces of American literature that have helped shape American society. The Scarlet Letter written by Nathaniel Hawthorne takes place in Salem, Massachusetts in the sixteen hundreds. Hester Prynne is accused of committing adultery in her small puritan settlement but little does the town know that the father is in fact Reverend Dismmesdale. Having sent his wife ahead of him two years before

The Case Of Sovaldi Drug - 1386 Words

The manufacturers of Sovaldi drug are also of the opinion that government and public officials do not take into account all the benefits mostly economically which emanate from the prescription of the drug. They argue that the high price is very effective in limiting or completely getting done with other hospital expenses that would be incurred in the long run because the drug is effective in the curing of the disease rather than the management of symptoms over the years and, therefore, savings (Charles, 2015). . Most states that try to limit the use of Sovaldi have received lots of lawsuits that analysts say not the definite solution of the underlying problem with Sovaldi being just the first of many highly effective but expensive drugs that are expected in the market due to the ever increasing cases of chronic diseases. As much as Medicaid being able to cover the costs of other expensive specialty drugs for other diseases such as HIV and cystic fibrosis but the case of Sovaldi is quite different given the fact that a large population suffers from the disease that it treats with the prevalence of hepatitis C among the Medicaid recipients being quite high. There have been several proposed federal solutions including; price controls, the creation of a supply chain where the federal government could buy quantities of the drug at a discount and also to sell the drug to the states at a low price. The issue has not yet been taken by the Congress with states still being given theShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Hepatitis C Virus On Health Care And Ensuring Healthy Profit Margins1537 Words   |  7 Pagespayor system has evolved to dictate the care its members receive through, at worst, a rationing of services. This has frequently been the case when new medication and experimental treatments become available. The most recent instance is the case of newly released drugs with astounding success rates for the cure of Hepatitis C Virus. The rulings of past civil cases requiring insurers to cover medical treatment despite contract clauses has set the stage for Hepatitis C Virus curative treatment. HepatitisRead MoreTop Years Forecasting On Sales Of Sovaldi And Harvoni1052 Words   |  5 PagesForecasting on Sales of Sovaldi and Harvoni Yushuo Xu St. John’s University â€Æ' Ten Years Forecasting on Sales of Sovaldi and Harvoni ACC 600 Small Case Study Yushuo Xu Background Hepatitis C is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus. According to related research, about 2.7 million persons in the United States have chronic hepatitis C virus infection, and globally about 130–150 million people have chronic hepatitis C infection. Drugs information There are some drugs now able to cure HepatitisRead MoreA Short Note On Hepatitis C And Its Effects1565 Words   |  7 PagesSciences created the medicine by the name of Sofosbuvir (Sovaldi). The difference between Sovaldi and other hepatitis C treatments that have been used over the years is that Sovaldi is the only treatment that cures the disease rather than managing its symptoms in order to decrease the severity like the other treatments do. For this reason many physicians desire to prescribe Sovaldi to suffering patients, but often times cannot do so because the drug is not covered by all State Medicaid policies; thereforeRead MoreHepatitis C Is Not A Public Health Crisis1473 Words   |  6 PagesIV drug use (CDC, 2014). Other modes of transmission includes blood transfusion or coming in contact with someone’s blood, accidental needlestick injuries among health care workers (e.g., nurses and phlebotomists), sexual contact (rare) and infants born to mothers who have the disease. These above medical and demographic facts make HCV a serious threat on public health. Overview of drug Sovaldi also known as Sofosbuvir is one of the latest anti- HCV drug in the market (Ollove, 2014). The drug hasRead MoreEffective Treatment Of Hepatitis C1809 Words   |  8 Pagesthere has been a recent breakthrough with a new drug called sovaldi , giving 90% success rate, which has effectively revolutionized the medical industry. Therefore, this extended essay will examine the significance of sovaldi (especially pricing) on the mortality and morbidity of those suffering from Hepatitis C in Pakistan. I will explore if there is a justification for the exorbitant pricing of sovaldi whilst assessing the accessibility of the drug for individuals in Pakistan. Approach IRead MoreA Brief Note On The Cost Of Advancement1960 Words   |  8 Pagesforms, whether it be from improved hygiene, new drugs, vaccines, new and improved medical procedures, better monitoring equipment, or even preventative tests and early diagnosis, all of this has played a part in increasing global life expectancy through the years. In this paper I will focus in on one of these aspects: drugs. Big pharmaceutical companies have been extremely busy with research and development for new drugs. 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Once the liver and the body actually show signs of symptoms or damage, Hepatitis C has become a chronic infection. This is when the person becomes aware of the infection themselves due to a routine doctor s appointment that results in elevated liverRead MoreHepatitis C : An Infection Of The Blood1127 Words   |  5 Pages75%-85% would then become Chronic Hepatitis C infections. Due to the lack of symptoms at onset, I m left to ponder what the true amount of infected persons in the United States realistically is. The symptoms may not appear for up to 20 years in some cases. Once the liver and body actually show signs of symptoms or damage, 3 Hepatitis C has become a chronic infection. This is when the person becomes aware of the infection themselves due to a routine doctor s appointment that results inRead MoreVaccine For Hiv Happen On The Horizon By 2030924 Words   |  4 Pagescure HIV/AIDS has come a long way. Researchers have spanned a wide variety of research which includes: drug development, HIV vaccines, pre-exposure prophylaxis, or post-exposure prophylaxis. Drug development can take a long time to get developed. Through the process with Preclinical, Clinical Phase, Cost, Valuation, and Success Rate in the Mix; it can take years upon years to develop a successful drug that is resistant to HIV. Prevention is Key! Education and word of mouth is also another way of getting

Cognitive Therapy Case Conceptualization Free Essays

The client: Elena Elena is an adolescent female, coming to the therapy process demonstrating through actions and words a great deal of anxiety and overall apathy for her situation. Elena is a smart, socially engaged Mexican American attending public high school. She opens the session with presenting problems regarding conflict over what she might do after high school. We will write a custom essay sample on Cognitive Therapy Case Conceptualization or any similar topic only for you Order Now Preliminary conceptualization from a cognitive perspective Overall, there is an obvious feeling of disempowered regarding her right and or ability to make life decisions. She comes from a close-knit family, though some of her siblings have moved away to seek out goals beyond those that they may feel their parents are putting upon them. She has recently begun to disengage academically and socially as she feels the urgency of choosing to adhere to family tradition or to go out on her own, like her peers. Though she says she has not yet made a decision, know that cognition mediates affect and behavior (Friedburg 101). From this perspective a therapist might conclude that her recent apathy toward academics and isolating herself from her peers show that she indeed is letting the thoughts of â€Å"I must listen to my parents† drive her life perspective. It is promising from a cognitive standpoint, that she shows some jealousy toward her boyfriend and others: Perhaps the anger when discussing her family dynamics and recent history is most telling that Elena could benefit from Beck’s Socratic dialogue. The pluralistic views that come from her own identity within her biculturalism are strongly embedded, and the therapist demonstrated this by demonstrating lots of open questions. Letting Elena focus on herself as an individual rather than a Mexican-American could lead to meaningful exploration and collaborative cognitive change to help Elena feel more empowered. When counseling adolescents from a cognitive perspective the counselor must remember that under any circumstances this may be the first time that these clients might see their actions and behaviors, and question the beliefs that may have become embedded during childhood. Elena obviously needs a relatively short-term look into these feelings due to her grades slipping and applying for colleges, if she so chooses. Asking a client â€Å"what is going through your mind right now† (Murdock 337) is one of the base approaches to beginning to help the client recognize their individual thought patterns. This is a question that is difficult for many adults, and though adolescents in general can be more open to change, Elena’s worldview as a bicultural young woman is overpowering any other automatic thoughts that she might have; it is culturally appropriate for a young Mexican American to disregard her own thoughts and needs for the good of the family—which Elena does in fact voice (Rochlen 2009). As an observer to this case scenario, the challenge, due to age and culture, seems very difficult. The video demonstrates this strong schema Elena has developed that exudes this overwhelming disempowerment. I believe this schema of overall disempowerment is deeply embedded and will be difficult to challenge through cognitive therapy. Additionally, Mexican culture tends to see the counselor as â€Å"expert† and the collaborative aspect of cognitive therapy may prove to be at the least uncomfortable for Elena, if not ineffective. Elena may continue to rely on others’ to make decisions for her, to give her an unconditional guarantee (Corey 107), if this base belief cannot be penetrated due to adherence to cultural tradition, fear of change, or if Elena is unable to begin to identify these automatic thoughts. Possible cognitive strategies In general, Latino Americans traditionally have strong family bonds and honor generational wisdom (Sue 377) Through the current political venue of the United States and popular culture, Mexican-Americans may fall prey to stereotypes and inherently feel a disconnect or poor self-image: American beliefs certainly account for this inner struggle Elena is feeling. Because this is pervasive and overarching in American culture where to begin with Elena in imperative. There is a lot behind these feelings, and as an adolescent who is struggling the counselor should take these omnipresent cultural truths into consideration. It is promising to me that Elena is already speaking about her siblings: I see this as an open door for initiating questions that challenge Elena’s view of herself as a young Mexican American. I would certainly recognize Elena’s frustration and give lots of positive regard as she speaks about her presenting problem. Cognitively, I would go back to Elena’s conversation regarding the varying paths her siblings have chosen. I would respectfully move through this aspect of cognitive therapy so as to not threaten Elena’s loyalty to her family. Since Beck’s model is based on a leading rather than a more confrontational approach, I would use this to my advantage to allow her to explore her emotions about her siblings and their life choices. I see this as an aspect of Elena’s life experience that may allow Elena to begin to explore self-identity outside of the effects of biculturalism. Keeping the central focus of thought exploration on how she might challenge her beliefs about her life choices through reflecting on her siblings’ life choices may be a safe way to allow Elena to begin connecting the deeper thoughts behind her ability to make life choices. From a cognitive perspective and the lens of cultural identity, my goal for Elena would be for her to begin understanding that many are facing overwhelming decisions within their own cultural context. At some point everyone must decide to respect family wishes or go out on her own. Elena would be challenged to explore the beliefs she holds regarding herself as a Mexican American; she could begin to see how the complex construct is not a means to an end. Helping Elena expose automatic thoughts and change subsequent behaviors could serve to identify the struggle she will face as a bicultural woman in America today. Obviously, this grander focus this approach toward the â€Å"big picture† provides empowerment, but is daunting. Collaboratively, it would be ideal to praise Elena for exploring her identity on a grander scale. At this point, I would encourage Elena to do some homework: Her recent social isolation undermines her support system and exploration of self-identity. Many of her friends to do not sound as if they are struggling as bicultural adolescents: Meeting with a Latino cultural group on her local college campus would be an ideal way to allow her to feel empowered as well as supported. I am sure that many others have faced this kind of multicultural dilemma in their formative years, and have come up with myriad life choices. Though I can help Elena begin to understand and possibly question her core beliefs that drive her behaviors, she will need safe and pertinent ways to explore them. Elena is a very intelligent young lady, and I do think from our observation that she inherently knows that as well. Finding places and people with whom she can identify will empower her—not pressuring her into making a decision about her next step in life; with a goal toward hearing other stories of biculturalism in America and give her a comfortable place to explore her wishes for her own future and how she might find congruency between her choices and her heritage. I am certain that once her belief of what it means to be Mexican-American is challenged in some authentic way, she will begin to explore her automatic thoughts about cultural identity. My hope in working with Elena from a cognitive perspective is that she will begin to see her own identity and realize how her own thoughts had created a situation that most certainly is not the only possible scenario for her path in life. Relevant multicultural considerations From the perspective of a bilingual educator and a culturally aware individual, I was ultimately unable to separate Elena’s biculturalism from the cognitive approaches and questioning that I would practice with Elena. Though this aspect of Elena’s life situation appears hopeless to her now, I believe through finding authentic ways to identify with successful, independent Mexican-Americans she might begin to expose the prevailing automatic thoughts leading her to these isolating, dichotomous conclusions. The last relevant multicultural aspect that I have not addressed is it would be imperative that I find an opportunity to speak with Elena’s family, and connect them with other families who are raising children in a bicultural environment. This is ideal because Latino families need opportunities to be involved in the community and support one another in myriad ways. non-productive cognitive approaches Note how at the beginning of this integrated discourse regarding Elena’s pull toward family tradition and sense of loss for her dreams of going to college I was careful to note which door felt safe and respectful to collaboratively open with Elena. Siblings, cousins, aunts and uncles may â€Å"stay out of family business† such as the pressure from her mother, but it would be culturally insensitive for me to have Elena challenge her thoughts and risking her attaching them to family ties. That is already were Elena is, and traditionally Mexican-Americans see the counselor as â€Å"expert,† which could disengage long-standing family traditions and dynamics. I am convinced that approaching Elena through questions about herself, her riends, her academic life, and family would have made her feel that cognition is knowable and accessible, which is an underlying foundation of Beck’s theory. If a counselor were to solely base their approach, without multicultural considerations, on cognitive therapy with Elena as an individual it could serve to not allow herself to fully feel her human emotions, nor to bring awareness that change is central to the human process. I do not think asking Elena to explain how her beliefs construct her reality without first finding meaningful ways for her to relate to others outside of herself could she effect any change at all. Cognitive therapy, through the lens of multiculturalism, must always consider the bigger picture of what their life perspective really is: If challenged directly about her mother Elena may have only further solidified her commitment to fail at school to have a concrete reason to obey her parents. How to cite Cognitive Therapy Case Conceptualization, Essay examples

Lord Of The Flies, Comparison Of Ralph And Jack Essays - Fiction

Lord Of The Flies, Comparison of Ralph and Jack Lord Of The Flies, Comparison of Ralph and Jack There are always people who, in a group, come out with better qualities as a leader than others. The strongest people however, become the greater influences, which the others decide to follow. However, sometimes the strongest person is not the best choice. Authors often show how humans select this stronger person, in order to give an understanding of the different powers that some people can posses over others. In William Golding's novel, Lord of the Flies Ralph though not the stronger person, demonstrates a better understanding of people which gives Ralph better leadership qualities than Jack. Ralph displays useful human qualities as a leader by working towards the betterment of the boys' society. He knows that in order to stay civilized the boys need stability and order. He creates rules and a simple form of government to achieve this order. Ralph understands that the boys, particularly Piggy, have to be given respect and must be treated as equals. This makes Ralph a better leader, as he is able to acknowledge that he was not superior to any of the other boys. Ralph's wisdom and ability to look to the future also make him a superior leader. Ralph has the sense to keep his focus on getting off the island. He insists on keeping the fire burning as a distress signal. Ralph's leadership provides peace and order to the island while Jack's leadership creates chaos. Under Jack's rule, the boys become uncivilized savages. They have no discipline. Ralph, however, keeps the boys under order through the meetings, which he himself calls. At these meetings a sense of order is instilled because the boys have to wait until they hold the conch to speak. When Ralph says, "I'll give the conch to the next person to speak. He can hold it when he's speaking." (Golding 36) by making such rules as these, and by giving the boys the stability of an authority figure, mainly himself, he enforces his role of leader. He wins the boys respect and confidence in his leadership abilities. Ralph uses his authority to try to improve the boys' society. By building shelters he demonstrates his knowledge of the boys' needs. When he says to Jack, "They talk and scream. The littluns. Even some of the others." (Golding 56) he is referring to why the boys need shelters; they are afraid. Jack fails to realize the boys need security, stability and order in their society. Ralph understands that by building the shelters, the boys will feel more secure. This illustrates his superior knowledge of people, which makes him a better leader than Jack. Ralph's treatment of the boys demonstrates his understanding of how people should be treated. While Jack considers the boys inferior to himself, Ralph treats the boys as equals. Ralph's superior leadership qualities are reflected in his constant defence of Piggy. Piggy is the weakest of the group and is therefore treated unfairly much of the time. When Jack hits Piggy and breaks his glasses, Ralph calls it "A dirty trick." (Golding 78) Ralph's compassion and ability to empathize with others thus illustrating his understanding of people; while at the same time demonstrates Jack's disregard for other humans. Ralph's "government" is a form of democracy which gives each boy equal rights and an ability to express themselves. Jack treats the boys, especially Piggy, as inferiors. When Jack gets meat from hunting, he gives everyone some except for Piggy. When Piggy asks for some, Jack says, "You didn't hunt." (Golding 80) Ralph and many of the littluns did not hunt, yet only this treatment is directed at Piggy. Jack's contempt for Piggy shows his inability to understand people, while a good leader would take care of all of his followers. Ralph possesses this understanding and is therefore a better leader. Ralph's common sense and ability to recognize what is best for the group as a whole further demonstrates his superior leadership skills. His main focus throughout the book is getting rescued and he puts much emphasis on this. He instructs the boys to make a fire and to keep it burning as a distress signal. When the boys do not share his enthusiasm for getting rescued, he becomes exasperated. "The fire is the most important thing on the island. How can we ever be rescued except by luck, if we don't keep the fire going?" (Golding 88) Ralph's determination to get rescued is not for purely selfish reasons, but rather, it is in the best interest of

McDonalds Essays

McDonalds Essays McDonalds Essay McDonalds Essay McDonalds is the largest corporation globally which deals with a chain of the fast food restaurants. The company has been steadily expanding thus leading to its large global market base. The company has a competitive advantage over its competitors and this is due to its strategic management choices which have been made in the recent past.SWOT analysisMcDonalds has a very strong market position since it is the largest food service and the fast food retailing chain globally that is strengthened by the strong all round growth that is witnessed by the company. It is also important to note that the there is a growing health consciousness among the consumers and this has however added to the adversities of the company are brought to the business by a market that is saturated. With the combination of the rising beef prices there could be pressure margins for the company.Strengths.McDonalds has a market leading position in the industry and it also has a vigorous all round growth together wit h very strong brand equity. The company is also known for its consistency in its food industry and it also has very successful items such as fries and the Big Mac promotions. (Aaker, David 1984)Weaknesses.McDonalds also has some weaknesses which includes the operating losses in the Latin America region as well as the non McDonalds brand businesses. Similarly the company also has some relatively low productivity from the employees. The company also has some increased expenses in Europe. The company is also experiencing a decline in the market share and it also has a weak product development.Opportunities.McDonalds has very many opportunities including the alliance with the Warner home video as well as the new innovations in the menus which will further attract more consumers to visit the company’s chain stores globally. Similarly there is a rising Hispanic population in the United States of America and they are known as the best customers to the McDonalds chain stores because of the Hispanic foods which are prepared by the company. (Rowley Tashiro 2006)Threats.McDonalds is also faced with some threats such as the rising prices of the raw materials which further leads to the price increment of the food products and this further lowers the company’s consumer’s consumption. Similarly there exists a threat since most of the consumers of the company’s food products are becoming more health conscious and thus if the company fails to upgrade its products with health consciousness in mind then it might loose out on most of its consumers. On the other hand the company is further faced with a threat of market saturation and this will stiffen the competition that is experienced in the industry especially from McDonald’s main competitor Wal-Mart.Strategic choices for McDonaldsThe company has a growth strategy that is based on three main elements which areAdding the restaurantsMaximizing the profits and the sales at the existing restauran tsImproving the company’s international profitabilityBy the company maximizing its profits and also sales at its existing restaurants it can accomplish this through better operations, product refinement and development, reinvestment, effective marketing and also lowering the development and operating costs. This will however lead to the realization of an improved profitability internationally and the achievement of the economies of scale in the individual markets. This will also make the company highly benefit from infrastructure globally. (Arndt 2007)At the functional level McDonalds has adapted strategies which will lead to the expansion of the production of a wide range of food products by the promotion of new menu items. The company is also focusing on maintaining its quality and consistency of its food products as well as launch higher end restaurants under the new brands which would not be saddled with the company’s fast food image.At the global level McDonalds h as a strategy which has a global perspective thus the company has strategies which effectively integrates the three global forces which are the global business, the regional pressures and also the worldwide functions. The company at the global level wants to add more restaurants globally and this will expand its market base. (Anthony 1998)Comparisons between growth strategies at McDonalds and Wal-MartMcDonaldsThe company has a unique growth strategy which allows it to strategically locate its new stores across the nation in a leapfrogging manner unlike the other stores.The company’s growth strategy is not homegrown but rather international since it has bought some of its existing retail chains so as to preserve its control over its corporate culture.The company has a new strategy of leveraging its brand equity.The company’s strategy of product development focuses on the core business and it also covers the quality and taste issues.Another strategy that has been adapted by the company is the joint ventures and McDonald has changed the methods of dealing with its franchisees.McDonalds has a market penetration and development strategy that will allow it to continue with its international expansion.Wal-MartThe company has a unique growth strategy which allows it to strategically locate its new stores near the smaller towns and the distribution hubs.The company has a continued expansion of the super center format as well as the market share gains that are in the food business.The company has a strategy which focuses on the international growth and acquisitions.The company has a growth strategy that focuses on the expansion and the upgrading of its units in the Sams club division.The company has a strategy that is an eventual roll out of the neighborhood drugs store and market food format.The company has a strategy that leverages its productivity of the declining base in the discount stores with the food additional.The company also has a strategy of th e methodical approach to the on-line retailing. McDonalds Essays McDonalds Essay McDonalds Essay McDonalds has been a family name for the last many decades. It operates on a franchise based model which has enabled it to spread all over the globe. Its operations have been largely profitable. In fact, it was only in 2003 that McDonalds reported its first ever quarterly loss. Since then a lot has changed in the way McDonalds reaches out to the customer. This is the focus of the discussion here. James R. Cantaloupe, Chairman and CEO, McDonalds said in 2003 The world has changed. Our customers have changed. We have to change too. This laid the foundation for the change which McDonalds went through. A key aspect of understanding what strategy to follow is to re-assess the needs of the market. Also the companys relationship with the internal stakeholders like the franchisees needed to be reviewed. During the process of evaluation, McDonalds used the latest technological tools like the internet to enable their brand managers to communicate with the franchisees and compare and improve their services. McDonalds studied demographics to identify which customer profiles visited there franchises and for what reasons. They realized that kids were their biggest customers but to get the kids to come in to the restaurants the parents had to be convinced also. During the study they also identified health consciousness as a major factor driving people away from McDonalds. Another factor affecting sales was the products offered as customers were looking for options other than the complete meals offered. Delivery times also came up as important determinants of customer satisfaction. Based on the studies, McDonalds conducted SWOT analysis and came up with a new marketing strategy based on the marketing mix consisting of 4Ps Product, Price, Promotion and Place. They decided to focus on expanding the product range to include healthy and low cost options. They also reviewed their promotion strategy to target kids who belonged to the biggest consumer category. They also streamlined their processes to reduce delivery times. 2) Using relevant examples, evaluate how successful the organisations environmental scanning strategy is. Suggest how this strategy can be improved. The steps taken by McDonalds to change their marketing mix have been highly successful in getting the customers and the profit back. In 2006, McDonaldss had its best sales performance for 15 years in Europe. McDonalds decided to go in for a health conscious image. They offered a range of healthy food selections on their menu. They also started to publish the nutritional content details of the food items on the packaging. New Saver products were offered which promised a quick bite for a low price. These changes in the product offerings were supported by promotional campaigns designed win back the lost customers. The processes required for getting the product to the customer were also reviewed. This resulted in tie-ups with local vendors to ensure freshness of the inputs. McCafes were introduced as exclusive coffee shops to attract the young crowd which needed a meeting point to get together with friends. The advertisements which addressed kids specifically helped bring the kids back. Availability of healthier food options and information about the nutritional value of the available products has helped them win a large number of health conscious consumers. To increase customer satisfaction they also focussed on the time taken to deliver their products. McDonalds can take a number of steps to get a better understanding of the environment theyre a part of. This, if followed by appropriate changes to the marketing mix, can help enhance the sales performance and profitability in the future. Some of these possible steps are discussed below. The internet can be a very effective tool to reach the masses. McDonalds can use the internet to run online promotion and research campaigns. Also the use of the social networking options like Twitter and Facebook can be beneficial to understand their customers and their requirements better. Improved analysis of the supply chain processes can help in increasing their efficiency. This can result in reduced costs and therefore reduced prices for the customers thus increasing sales. McDonalds can also analyse the franchise locations so that they can be spaced more evenly compared to the current situation where the distribution is not so even.

Expletives

Expletives Expletives Expletives By Jacquelyn Landis You’ve heard of indefinite pronounss include everybody, anything, someone, another, something, and a few others. Did you know, however, that there’s another kind of indefinite pronoun called an expletive? The English language has two such expletives: it and there. Consider the following sentences: It might rain tomorrow. There wasn’t enough money to pay the rent. In these sentences, it and there are not pronouns that refer to or replace any existing noun. Yet they’re necessary to fill in because each sentence syntactically requires a subject. Sometimes we can’t avoid using an expletive, but if you can recast a sentence to get around it, it’s good to do so. You can expand the sentence to give it a clear subject, or if the surrounding context identifies a previous noun, you can repeat it. The forecast calls for rain tomorrow. Doctor bills had bled the family’s reserves. They didn’t have enough money to pay the rent. If you have to struggle to eliminate an expletive, it’s fine to let it stand. It’s an innocuous part of speech that doesn’t jump out at readers or disrupt flow, and usually its meaning is clearly understood. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Masters Degree or Master's Degree?For Sale vs. On SaleDissatisfied vs. Unsatisfied

History of the Multinational Oil Market Literature review

History of the Multinational Oil Market - Literature review Example This research will begin with the statement that there are many relates to oil discoveries from American explorers. They encountered oil deposits in some forms. Also, there is the early discovery of oil in the Middle East. On a 1775s map of the English Middle Colonies, Louis Evans located deposits along the eastern seaboard. The oil was used for many purposes. Before the Industrial Revolution, the main usage was for kerosene. The regular oil lamps were upgraded to kerosene lamps and in 1859 Samuel Downer, Jr. patented â€Å"kerosene† as a trade name and licensed its usage. In the same year, a 69 feet deep was drilled at Titusville, Pennsylvania ( U.S.) to tap oil. This was the beginning of the operations of the first oil corporation. As whale oil increased in price because of the scarcity of that mammal, the rock oil industry boomed in the United States. The success of the Titusville’s oil-well stimulated consumers to increase the use of oil. The purpose of this article is to provide a historical overview of the multinational oil market and explain how it influences the political relationships between countries. Standard Oil Company Montague, in the article â€Å" The Rise and Progress of the Standard Oil Company† relates this discovery with the production of crude and explain it contributed to the rise of the first oil corporation. In the next years, many successful oil wells were discovered. In 1865 Mr. Rockefeller was constructing a refinery in oil exploitation ( Pithole Creek). The demand for petroleum products was increasing exponentially and so the wells. Mr. Rockefeller saw the exigency to secure the business and increase their capital. And in 1870 he promoted the Standard Oil Company with the union of Rockefeller, Andrews & Flagler the refineries of William Rockefeller & Co., Rockefeller & Andrews, Rockefeller & Co., S. V. Harkness, and H. M. Flagler ( Montague, 1904). As Mr. Rockefeller said the reasons for this union were: â€Å" The cause leading to the combination was the desire to unite our skill and capital, in order to carry on a business of some magnitude and importance in place of the small business that each had separately heretofore carried on.† With the Standard Oil Alliance, Mr. Rockefeller controlled not only the oil production but also the transportation system ( better rates were granted for them). In those years the Standard Oil Alliance achieved the monopoly of the oil industry ( Montague, 1904). The Spindletop Oilfield There was an important oil discovery near Beaumont, Texas in 1901 that modified the course of the oil industry in those days. It was the Spindletop Gusher one of the largest oil strikes rise up. With this discovery, many oil companies have been founded ( more than fifteen hundred) and others moved to Beaumont. Robert Wooster and Christine Moor Sands in their article â€Å"Spindletop Oilfield† relates the Spindletop Gusher with the start of many oil companies.  

Investigative Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Investigative Plan - Essay Example First there is a need for data collection.  The importance of this is to  acquire  accurate information to  give  valid information. Understanding the data collected will  keep  investigation  focused. Data may be corrected using  several  methods including  interview  and surveys then drawing of charts, tables and graphs to name but few. The data must be  put  in context thus making information  abundantly  clear  (Bachman  and  Schutt, 2007). All information regarding the  case  needs to be identified. This can be  case  number, investigator, and entry  date  amongst other information. The sources of allegation need to be put in place. These include the complainant’s information may it  be  contact details, location and any other  relevant  information. Case identification is paramount, alleged victims, how the crime was reported  and all useful allegation information. All information given relating to the accused should be gathered. Any information given relating to the  robbery is put  down in a chronological order to assist in tracing the perpetrators. An investigator must be able to  know  the  purpose  of the investigation. In this case, we need to  arrest  daytime robbers. Purpose of the investigation must be put down in writing. A summary of the interview done should be presented. This entails the  interviewer  names, witnesses, location, the  date  conducted and others. An investigator must be able to  assess  and  know  if the information collected is  credible  or not. Each  interview  done must be summarized and conclusions drawn. All evidence gathered should be listed down including all details such as dates, location, and  evidence  type  and also  information  of the person giving the evidence. After all these investigative steps are done, recommendations should always be given. Actions to be taken must be put down and possible methods to be applied to  curb  the vice. Surveillance

Death of a child and the impact to parental grief

Death of a child and the impact to parental grief Adulthood is the stage in  the human lifespan that captures the stages of acquiring independence from the family of origin, establishing loving relationships and having and raising children.   When adults transition into the role of spouse and parent they are not likely to attribute this meaningful time of life to crisis.   The death of a child disrupts the biological order of the lifespan and challenges a parents understanding of their world (Rogers, Floyd, Seltzer, Greenberg and Hong, 2008). Researchers have labelled the death of a child as one of the most tragic events a parent must endure.   In a study by Sanders (1980) comparing bereavement in individuals who experienced the death of a parent, spouse and child, Sanders identified more intense grief reactions among those who survived the death of a child (as cited by Arnold and Buschman Gemma, 2008).   A childs death impacts the parent on multiple levels; as an individual, as a partner and as a contributing member of society.   Grief is often complicated by the addition of anxiety and fatigue which impedes communication in relationships and with other members of a family (Toller and Braithwaite, 2009).  Ã‚   According to Emmons, Colby and Kaiser (1998) grief is often equated to the destruction of the persons assumptive world (as cited by Rogers, Floyd, Seltzer, Greenberg and Hong, 2008, p. 204).   Additionally, Colin Murray Parkes (1970) defines the assumptive world as represent[ing] the totality of what the individual knows or thinks he knows. It includesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ our plans and our prejudices (as cited by Tedeschi and Calhoun, 2004, p. 21).   The length of parental grief has been estimated by some to last upwards of a decade following the childs death while other researchers acknowledge parental grief as lasting indefinitely (Rogers, Floyd, Seltzer, Greenberg and Hong, 2008).   The negative effects of prolonged grief have implications on bereaved parents mental and physical health well into midlife (Rogers, Floyd, Seltzer, Greenberg and Hong, 2008).    This paper will explore the impact that the death of a child has on the mother and father as individuals and together as a couple.   It will examine how individuals use coping mechanisms and a quest for meaning to transform this crisis in adulthood into the potential for personal growth and a renewed sense of purpose for life.   For the purposes of this paper bereavement and grief will be defined.   According to Parkes and Weiss (1983) bereavement is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦encompassing the entire experience of anticipating a death, death itself and the subsequent adjustment to living (as cited by Meert et al., 2009).   In addition, Therese Rando (1993) defines grief as the process of experiencing the psychological, behavioural, social and physical reactions to the perception of loss (p. 22). Although crisis in adulthood is inclusive of both men and women, research shows gender specific styles of grieving and coping with the death of a child.   In a study conducted with bereaved parents by Toller and Braithwaite (2009), mothers identified the need to express their grief through discussing the death and the shedding of tears.   In her book When the Bough Breaks: Forever after the Death of a Son or Daughter, author Judith Bernstein (1998) discusses womens grief response as frequently revealing and more likely desolate.   Bernstein (1998) explains that mothers expressive grief may be the result of the degree mothers are invested in their parental role.   Ã‚  Expression of emotions can be significantly difficult in a mothers grief experience of a stillborn baby when societal support may be absent or limited due to the inability of society to recognize the birth and death as a meaningful event (Cacciatore, 2010).   Cacciatore (2010) identifies that parents presumptio n of support from family, friends and medical staff may be based in their own value and understanding of the loss which contradicts the support actually afforded them.   Additionally, Shainess (1963) challenged that childbirth that ends with the death of a baby not only has the potential to devastate a womens self-image but also may alter how she relates herself to others (as cited by Cacciatore, 2010).   Stillbirth has been coined as the invisible death because very few people knew or met the child, the mother has very few keepsakes to memorialize their child and inevitably the mother may feel pressure to forget the child by their social network (Cacciatore, 2010).   Li, Laursen, Precht, Olsen and Mortensen (2005) found that bereaved mothers, compared with nonbereaved mothers, were at much higher risk for first time inpatient psychiatric care.   The risks remained notably higher for more than five years following the death of a child (as cited by Rogers, Floyd, Seltzer, Greenberg and Hong, 2008).   In addition, Radestad et al. (1996) identified bereaved mothers of stillborn babies experience higher rates of anxiety up to three years following the death as compared to mothers who had live born children (as cited by Cacciatore, 2010). Bereaved mothers often question their ability to be successful at motherhood following the death of a child (Cacciatore, 2010).   Children within the family unit are often impacted by the death of a baby when their parents grief makes them unavailable to their emotional demands (Cacciatore, 2010).   Interestingly, a study by Peterson (1994) found that the death of a baby continues to affect future generations.   In the study, adult daughters of mothers who experienced a stillbirth, reported fear during their own pregnancy, in addition to guilt, anxiety and grief in adulthood that impacted attachment with their own children (as cited by Cacciatore, 2010). Mothers may illicit varied strategies to cope with the death of their child.   In a study of 47 bereaved mothers, Cacciatore (2010) found that 21% acknowledged using alcohol and illegal drugs as a form of coping, while 45% of respondents reported contemplating self-harm.   All of the respondents indicated that the death of their child had considerably altered their identity (Cacciatore, 2010).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Men and women do not always experience grief following the death of a child in the same way.   It is not uncommon for fathers to experience societal messages that encourage a traditional male role of strength that bravely supports the mother following the childs death (Aho, Tarkka, Astedt-Kurki and Kaunonen, 2006).   Not surprisingly, these messages may explain why research has found men are more likely to deny grief or grieve in private while suppressing reactions or hiding feelings (Aho, Tarkka, Astedt-Kurki and Kaunonen, 2006). In a study of fathers reactions to infant loss, Colsen (2001) examined conscious and unconscious responses to grief.   The study showed that some fathers had pronounced grief reactions in the unconscious while denying the presence of grief consciously (as cited by Aho, Tarkka, Astedt-Kurki and Kaunonen, 2006).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In analysis of the research, several studies have indicated that fathers use physical activity as a means to cope with grief as well as to assimilate control over their emotions (Aho, Tarkka, Astedt-Kurki and Kaunonen, 2006; Toller and Braithwaite, 2009).   In addition to feelings of physical pain, often attributed to the physicality of mens grief, fathers identify strong and prolonged feelings of guilt, anger and bitterness after the death of a child directed at themselves, God and caregiving personnel (Aho, Tarkka, Astedt-Kurki and Kaunonen, 2006).   Interestingly, in a study by Barrera et al. (2009) concerning parent adjustment following the death of a child, researchers found that the fathers interviews were significantly longer than those of the mothers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As indicated in the discussion surrounding maternal grief, several studies have concluded that increased alcohol consumption also contributes to the fathers grief experience (Aho, Tarkka, Astedt-Kurki and Kaunonen, 2006).   In fact, in a study by Vance et al. (1995), concerning gender differences and psychological grief reactions for bereaved parents, research found that alcohol use in parents directly after the death and up to three years following, was significantly higher than the control group who had not experienced a death (as cited by Aho, Tarkka, Astedt-Kurki and Kaunonen, 2006).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Parents may also share common experiences of grief following the death of a child. In a study of parental adjustment six months after the death of their child, participants identified that they mourned a future without their children and that they would never see the child meet milestones such as their graduation or wedding (Barrera et al., 2009).   In addition to missing milestones these same participants reported a significant need to physically touch their children again (Barrera et al., 2009).   Some parents of children who died in the pediatric intensive care unit indicated that they needed mementos to assist them in feeling connected to their child.   Mementos ranged from a stuffed animal to a locket of the childs hair (Meert et al, 2008).   In fact, researchers argue that the ability of the parents to establish a continued connection with the deceased child through the use of memories is integral to the parental experience o f bereavement and coping (Barrera et al., 2009).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In addition to continuing the bond with their deceased child, parents have additional stress in establishing commonalities and differences in grief within the marital relationship.   Meaning is derived from telling the story of the childs death and this can be particularly difficult for bereaved parents who often feel that their social network is not receptive to talk of the death experience (Toller and Braithwaite, 2009).   Alternatively, parents may turn to one another as a means of support but this can also prove difficult since both partners are experiencing the death simultaneously (Toller and Braithwaite, 2009).   In a study by Toller and Braithwaite (2009) of bereaved parents they found that parents wanted to grieve with their spouse while concurrently indicating that they also needed space to grieve separately from their partner.   The parents in this study reported that grieving together was difficult due to the differing ways in which they and their partners approached and even expressed grief (Toller and Braithwaite, 2009). A fear for many bereaved spouses is the statistical relevance of divorce among bereaved parents.   Although some research indicates a higher occurrence of divorce following the death of a child, other research challenges the methodology and difficulties in tracking divorced couples in order to make concise conclusions (Rogers, Floyd, Seltzer, Greenberg and Hong, 2008).   Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   A more alarming finding is the evidence of depression and long term health concerns among bereaved parents.   In their study, Rogers, Floyd, Seltzer, Greenberg and Hong (2008) analyzed data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS) and found that bereaved parents, in midlife and on average 18 years following the death of their child, reported more symptoms of depression   and cardiovascular problems than their nonbereaved cohort.   In fact, 83% of bereaved parents in the WLS reported depression within three years of their childs death (Rogers, Floyd, Seltzer, Greenberg and Hong, 2008).   The researchers of this study concluded that the return to employment, social and family roles may indicate full recovery following the death of a child but persistent episodes of depression and health related issues suggest internal turmoil that may not be recognized and acknowledged by friends and family (Rogers, Floyd, Seltzer, Greenberg and Hong, 2 008).   Furthermore, this study showed that the ability to function was not greater with the passing of time since the death and suggested that the bereavement following the death of a child may lead to continued health concerns for decades (Rogers, Floyd, Seltzer, Greenberg and Hong, 2008). Bereaved parents do find ways to cope and manage the grief both individually and as a couple.   Many parents indicate that surviving children provide them with a sense of purpose and parents reinvest energy into ensuring these children are learning how to cope with the death of their sibling (Barrera et al., 2009).   Barrera et al. (2009) identified the presence of surviving children at the time of death to be linked with lower instance of marital discord.     Researchers in multiple studies found that bereaved parents who did not have surviving children reported a strong desire to have another child through pregnancy, adoption or fostering (Barrera et al., 2009; Arnold and Buschman Gemma, 2008). Interestingly Videka-Sherman (1982) found evidence that parents who had a subsequent child following death were more likely to have better psychological adjustment to grief (as cited by   (Rogers, Floyd, Seltzer, Greenberg and Hong, 2008). In the study conducted by Toller and Braithwaite (2009) the majority of bereaved parents indicated that although they experienced grief differently than their partner, they were eventually able to identify and empathize, even accept the differences.   Bereaved parents who recognized that grieving is unique to each individual and in turn gave their spouse room to grieve or engaged with others for support found that they were able to navigate the differences and maintain a healthy relationship (Toller and Braithwaite, 2009).   Although therapeutic models encourage an ability to be open and heal, Toller and Braithwaite (2009) suggest that selective closedness has shown evidence of health in grieving (p. 273).   In fact, nonverbal communication between spouses is possible to create connection in grieving through hand holding, physical closeness and expression through letter writing (Toller and Braithwaite, 2009). Many parents have identified the need to redefine themselves integrating the experience of being a parent to a child who has died (Barrera et al., 2009).   Parents have described the need for their child to be validated and recognized in a societal context, given worth in order to aid them in their ability to grieve that child (Meert et al, 2009).   Of additional importance is the acceptance from family, friends and parents social network to allow bereaved parents to grieve in a way that is meaningful to them at their own speed and without judgement (Meert et al., 2009). Ultimately, bereaved parents incorporate a variety of support strategies to assist them in coping with the death of their child (Barrera et al., 2009).   Many bereaved parents identified an eventual revitalized purpose to life, commonly associated with a desire to give back to the community and support other bereaved parents (Barrera et al., 2009).   Following the death of a child, Calhoun and Tedeschi (2001) theorise that individuals undergo a reorganization of beliefs surrounding significance of the world and oneself. According to Calhoun and Tedeschi (2001) posttraumatic growth is the positive changes in relationship to others, spirituality or philosophy of life, and sense of self that follows bereavement (p. 344).   A study by Engelkemeyer and Marwit (2008) of bereaved parents found that parents who reported growth were also the parents who identified having a positive outlook regarding self-worth and characterised themselves as being lucky.   The death of a child has a profound effect on the parents as individuals and as a couple that creates a crisis in their transition through adulthood.   Bereaved parents may experience negative or positive consequences of the grief experienced following their childs death and these effects will be felt throughout the remainder of their lifespan. A quote from one bereaved mother eloquently sums up the enormity of death on the life experience: Death being such a major part of life is something that only those who experience it firsthand can truly attest to being at the very core of our existence.   Death changes who we are and what we feel about life entirely.   Death even steals our perception of time and how a month ending, or a year ending or the celebration of new life affects us.   Death comes in and manipulates everyone we come in contact with, while making us an alien to everyone (Ruffin, 2010, p.9).

Leadership Strategy of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) Essay

Choose are leader you are interested in and analyse why you consider him/her to be a leader? Describe his or her key strengths and weaknesses as a leader. What makes you consider that person as an effective leader? Justify your answers in relation to the theories & practices we have examined in the course. Leadership is a crucial important topic that is deeply studied over time till today because it has a major effect in all the systems surrounding us affecting the individuals through political, businesses, humanitarian and to be named depending on the content of leadership nature. The term leadership can be defined as influential relationship between leaders and followers who intend real changes and outcomes that reflect their shared purposes towards a desirable future (Daft 2011). The great leader of all time influential on individuals does not disappear even after these leaders has been deceased. This is because such leaders not only possesses required leadership characteristic such as charisma, courage, passion, ethical and emotional attachment to its people which will further be discussed in the following essay in relation to the chosen leader but also what they have done for their followers and society as an whole for their better future. The perfect leader till date who has not been able to replace not even partially was the Prophet Muhammad, Peace be upon him (pbuh) who was a universal leader not just for the people of Muslims but towards every man-kinds on a global scale. He is not just a spiritual leader but also recognized as a leader for his political movement, a philosopher, a family man and also a business man. His teachings and actions were as per the guideline from the holy book of Islam â€Å"The Quran† – the word of god known as Allah (Gullen 2006). This essay will further discussed in details about Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) leadership style in relation to the current established theoretical frameworks on leadership and the reason why he is  still well-known for his accomplishment towards his missions not in just spreading the message of Islam, but also creating the equality and justice which is also a part of the message during the dark age in Arabia where the powerful crashed the weak, women dignity was misused and bloodshed was considered as a virtue (Gullen 2006).

Attachment, A Deep And Emotional Bond - 1477 Words

When we consider the term attachment we may look to John Bowlby for an explanation who stated that ‘attachment is a deep and emotional bond that connects one person to another through space and time’ this is a great analogy, however what we do know about attachment is that it can be one sided, it is possible for one person to attach themselves or create a bond with a person that doesn’t reciprocate their feelings. An attachment may be considered as a likeness or kinship when the feeling is mutual. Sociability is characterised as a personality trait, such as ‘she is very social’ however this does not mean that a social person generates ‘connections’ with people, for instance a child can be very social within their peer group but may struggle to empathise with their peers as they cannot form a secure bond. 1.3, 1.2, 2.2 Question 1. Q-Name two studies into attachment theory and explain their outcomes? A- †¢ John Bowlby- ‘Maternal deprivation hypothesis’ Bowlby proposed mental health and behavioural problems could be traced back to early childhood. His theory was that children should not be deprived of contact with their mother in the primary stages of development as this is when relationships and bonds are being formed. He believed that the consequences of maternal depravation would have devastating effects on the child as they developed into adulthood, He believed that this would lead the individual to have mental health problems or to be deviant. ‘What is believed to beShow MoreRelatedAttachment Theory : A Deep Emotional Bond775 Words   |  4 PagesAttachment theory is a deep emotional bond that connects the child to the caregiver across time and space. The child is attached by specific behaviors in children, such a seeking proximity with a primary caregiver when the parent is upset or threatened. The types of attachment styles are secure attachment; Preoccupied attachment; Dismissing Attachment; and â€Å"Unresolved for Trauma or Loss’ Attachment (Levy, Ellison, Scott, Bernecker, 2011). The Secure attachment are when children or adults are openRead MoreAttachment : A Deep And Enduring Emotional Bond1313 Words   |  6 Pages Attachment: An Analysis â€Å"Attachment is a deep and enduring emotional bond that connects one person to another across time and space’’ Mary Ainsworth (1973) In this essay I will explore the meaning and purpose of attachment and discuss research into attachment concentrating on John Bowlby’s 1944 â€Å"44 thieves† study conducted to test his maternal deprivation theory and Schaffer Emerson’s 1964 â€Å" Glasgow babies† study. There are twoRead MoreHow Do Attachments in Early Childhood Can Have Positive and Negative Consequences?1363 Words   |  6 Pages Maccoby defines attachment as `a relatively enduring emotional tie to a specific other person. 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The Effects Of Anorexia And Its Effects On Society

In the Western culture, it has long been the tradition to strive for perfection in everything possible. In many ways, this has moved our culture and technology forward. This can also be quite detrimental to people, because perfection is often not attainable. In the medical field, perfection is often the goal for patients. When dealing with the human body, perfection really isn’t universal nor a realistic goal. This strive for perfection has caused some health problems for people including anorexia, erectile dysfunction, and ADHD. When people from other cultures are introduced to the medical system in Western culture, there is often a large degree of confusion and extremely different practices. We have talked about many things in class that the Western culture has probably created. The obsession with perfection and body image in our society has caused many problems, one of which being anorexia. Anorexia is not just about having no fat or feeling overweight. Organs start shutti ng down and hair grows in places that it doesn’t normally grow to insulate the body. It can be very dangerous, and even life threatening. The desire to be perfect physically, has caused a major medical problem for some people. Hospitals won’t even take these people once they are at the end of life stage because there is nothing they can do. ADHD is a controversial topic for many people and seems to be an epidemic in the U.S. This partially stems from the idea of having perfect children. Some parentsShow MoreRelatedAnorexia Nervosa And Its Effects On Society1514 Words   |  7 Pagespeople are currently suffering from Anorexia. Anorexia Nervosa is an eating disorder in which people suffering drastically restrict food intake due to an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image. There has been an unfortunate increase in people suffering from Anorexia Nervosa over the past several decades. 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Eating disorders, such as Anorexia, are a major issue in society today due to society’s stereotypical view of women and young teenage girls, in, but many cases men are affected too. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;AnorexiaRead MoreAnorexia Nervos A Psychological And Physical Causes And Consequences Of Anorexia930 Words   |  4 Pagespeople with anorexia are related to at least one person with the disorder. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder with mainly adolescent victims. Different studies have been able to identify some of the psychological and physical causes and consequences of anorexia. Many people dismiss anorexia nervosa as a short-lived adolescent disorder, but most do not realize the disease’s long-lasting implications on health and how crucial it is to seek treatment. The UMMC (2016) defines anorexia nervosa asRead MoreThe Effects Of Anorexia Nervosa On The Human Body1406 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Anorexia Nervosa On the Human Body Anorexia is a lack or loss of appetite for food as a medical condition and is also considered an emotional disorder categorized by an obsessive desire to lose weight by refusing to eat. Anorexia is found in all people, male and female of any age and in some cases can be life threatening. The reason Anorexia and all eating disorders in general are important to study is because they are a significant part of society. Eating disorders also hold theRead MoreAnorexia - Informative Speech Essay748 Words   |  3 Pageseating disorder. Females have to maintain that ‘normal’ look to fit in with society. More guys are seeking help for eating disorders as well. Guys with eating disorders tend to focus more on athletic appearance or success than just on looking thin. I’m going to inform you today about anorexia; what it is, signs, causes, effects, and possible treatments to help it. First, I will tell you what anorexia is. People with anorexia have an extreme and irrational dread of becoming fat and they have a distortedRead MoreBe Skinny or Die Trying1082 Words   |  5 PagesAnorexia Nervosa – the belief one is fat, despite being very thin. Most women have heard the word â€Å"anorexia†, and in all probability associate it with models, celebrities, and never think it could happen to them. However the word, â€Å"anorexia† has much more meaning and facts behind it to prove that it isn’t as farfetched of an idea as people may think. Anorexia Nervosa is an extremely dangerous eating disorder that is much more than celebrities and models, and not eating enough. Among women in theRead MoreEating Disorders : Anorexia And Bulimia1676 Words   |  7 Pagesyoung women in today’s society where whether someone eats too much or too little, they are judged. This being said it is no surprise that the leading mental illnesses in America are Anorexia and Bulimia. Both Anorexia and Bulimia are similar in the fact that they are highly popular in today’s world where it seems that physical appearance is always a topic of discussion; however, the two illnesses are different in the effects they have to a person’s body. To begin, Anorexia is the act of starvingRead Moreï » ¿Eating Disorders; Anorexia Nervosa and Obesity in America1070 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Eating Disorders; Anorexia Nervosa and Obesity in America In many other countries, living skinny enough to show bones means they live in poverty while having excessive weight shows individuals living in higher class society. In America, obese and anorexic are two body types that have been called diseases, in which they is very similar and different in many aspects. I do not approve of anorexia nervosa or obesity. I want my readers to understand the effects of these diseases and what they can